Almost all the economic sectors of Artsakh are vulnerable today. There are significant losses in the mining industry. The largest mine of Kashen is deprived of water, as the water sources feeding into the mine are already under the control of Azerbaijan. There was a gold mine in Kovsakan, which again is under the Azerbaijani control. The second largest sector of Artsakh’s economy is electricity and gas provision. Almost all the hydro power plants in Kashatagh and Shahumyan regions are under the Azerbaijani control, and the ones remaining under the Armenian control have low capacity.

The consequences of military actions in Nagorno Karabakh are multi-dimensional and with time will become even more tangible. Currently, the economy, public and local governance in Nagorno Karabakh face grave challenges, that are both numerous and urgent.

Any discussion of any post-war issue, in one way or another, starts with the question of security. Issues ranging from organization of resettlement of forcibly displaced persons to attempts of reconstructing the ‘normality’ of life in Artsakh, all start with the issue of security, and security has many dimensions: security of roads, security of communities, security of food and water, policing and so on.

The 44-day large-scale military actions in Artsakh have had and will continue to have grave consequences. One of the key priorities in the aftermath of war is addressing the issues of forcibly displaced persons (FDP). How many people have suffered forced displacement from their homes; how these people can be categorized in terms of their needs; what general characteristics describe these groups and how they make decisions about their future, are questions yet quite difficult to answer. It seems that no official statistics and evidence are still available.

One of the calamities of the second war in Artsakh is the sharp increase in the number of people with disabilities. The results of the consistent monitoring of the Human Defender’s Office since 27 September show that failing to address the social-economic, psychological and rehabilitation needs of the people with disabilities effectively and rapidly will inevitably aggravate the crisis of diminished trust towards a number of state institutions.